Act 5 Scene 1

Lady Macbeth is going mad due to her guilt. She is observed in her chamber by her maid and a doctor. They are growing suspicious about what she is saying. MACBETH NOT THERE. The loyalty between them is broken.

Ambition has divided them, and there has been a role reversal.

Lady Macbeth is now gripped by guilt and insanity, not ambition.

The spot is a symbol and metaphor for her guilt.

Commanding the spot out (juxtapose that with commanding M and the spirits earlier). Reference to hell – she is aware of her wrongdoing and has a conscience. Repetition of fear. (contrast with I shall not be tainted with fear).

“will these hands ne’er be clean”?

The word choice of clean is associated with purity, she knows she is damned. Link to Shakespeare’s message r.e. regicide.

Repetition of blood and references to blood.

“all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand” Hyperbole and word choice of little – she is vulnerable, diminished.

Ambition and power corrupt you.

“plague” “disease” metaphors . Just as a disease/plague is deadly, difficult to stop, has sweeping effects and contaminates those around so Macbeth and LM’s actions have done the same.

Lm: “what’s done cannot be undone” links Macbeth

Cyclical structure is present because all that Macbeth warns of occurs later.

Act 5 Scene 3

Macbeth is absolutely determined not to give up. Compare this Macbeth to the one at the beginning.  

“Give me mine armour. How does your patient, doctor?” Care of his wife is second to his care for battle. Word choice of patient – compare to “my dearest (superlative).

Macbeth is stoic : “I will not be afraid of death and bane”

Act 5 scene 4

 The battle prep with Malcolm etc.

Act 5 is fragmented as the scenes alternate between Macbeth and the impending invaders. This shows that his power is waning/ weakening.

Act 5 Scene 5 Macbeth finds out his wife has died.”She have died thereafter” has a double interpretation, one showing him to be callous, the other kinder.

“tomorrow…Out, out brief candle.

Just as a candle is…

This is Macbeth’s views on life.

Life buts a walking shadow . Just as a shadow…is consumed by darkness.

 

Macbeth tells his messenger : “liar and slave!” Macbeth is incorrect – IRONY.

Act 5 scene 6

Siward refers to Macbeth as a “tyrant”. (repetition)

Act 5 scene 7 : Macbeth refers to himself as a “bear” , not regal.

Siward: “abhorred tyrant”

“dead butcher and his fiend like queen” fiend

fiːnd/

noun

noun: fiend; plural noun: fiends

1.    1.

an evil spirit or demon.

 

 

 

In front of the Radley gate, Tim Johnson had made up what was left of his mind.

He had finally turned himself around, to pursue his original course up our street. He

made two steps forward, then stopped and raised his head. We saw his body go

rigid.

  With movement so swift they seemed simultaneous, Atticus’ hand yanked a

ball-tipped lever as he brought the gun to his shoulder.

  The rifle cracked. Tim Johnson leaped, flopped over and crumpled on the sidewalk

in a brown-and-white heap.  He didn’t know what hit him.

 

 

How does the writer use language here to describe Tim Johnson?

You could include the writer’s choice of:

•words and phrases

•Language features and techniques

•Sentence forms

 

The writer uses language to describe Tim Johnson as inhuman and not significant. We see this when he described as a “heap”. The word choice of heap has suggestions of being rubbish, of insignificance and of being something that is discarded and uncared for and unwanted. Also a heap suggests that he is hard to distinguish and his features are not obvious or noted. This suggests that he is not valued or look at carefully, that he is an unwanted pile of rubbish. Also the writer uses a list which is anticlimactic showing that he has lost power and significance. The list begins with his leaping, the word choice of leaping suggests strength but also of trying to get away from something, and perhaps suggests fear however the list ends with Johnson “crumpled”. The word choice of “crumpled” has suggestions of being weak, again of not being fully visible and of being seriously diminished. Furthermore it suggests weakness and of being beyond help. It creates a tone of pity, also coupled with him being described as a “heap” which furthers the tone of pity as he language is used to describe him as not being human and fully seen/visible.

This is slightly contrasted with the description that he had made up what was left of his mind, this implies that he has lost a lot of his mind and so is diminished. It suggests he in in a weak emotional state, whereas later he is in a weak physical state. 

 

The writer describes the journey as very uncomfortable. She does this by using juxtaposing language. Rosabel describes the scene as having a “sickening smell of warm humanity”. The oxymoronic choice of “warm humanity” has connotations of a loving and jubilant atmosphere however it is highly contrasted by the “sickening smell”. The use of the juxtaposition highlights how, although she’s in the presence of other people and is not lonely, there is a sense of discomfort which is also highlighted by the fact that it was “oozing” out of everyone. The use of the uncontrollable word “oozing” emphasises how Rosabel cannot escape the situation. The use of ellipsis “…she felt almost stifled” causes the reader to pause which could be done to allude to the discomfort and unnerved feeling that Rosabel is experiencing. The contrasting description of outside the bus, “silver”, “fairy palaces” could be done to exaggerate the severity of the uncomfortable description of the bus journey which in turn has negative, dirty words such as “black, greasy”.

 

The juxtaposing colours of “black” and “silver”, “black” which has connotations of dirt and anger and “silver” which has connotations of a sparkly and joyous atmosphere, is done so the reader can feel “stifled” and the same discomfort that Rosabel feels.

The writer conveys the bus journey as very strange. She describes everyone as being the same and wearing the same “meaningless, staring face”. This unnerves the reader and Rosabel and illuminates the journey as emotionless and uncomfortable. The fact that no one is showing emotion presents the people as inhumane and this highlights the lack of care people in the 1900s had for the poor. This bus journey is described as very strange and mundane with no particular observations that stand out to Rosabel aside from the lack of care emitting from everyone.

 

Compare how the poet presents the effects of power in Tissue and in one other poem.

 

The poet presents the effects of power in Tissue as something that greatly effects human beings, that is external power. The poem explores the power of literal tissue/ paper on human beings (tissue/ skin). Firstly an effect of the powerful tissue paper, specifically credit cards bills, is that they “fly our lives like kites”. The credit cards bills represent the economy and so just as a kite’s direction is not always able to be controlled, have the power to uplift whoever is holding them if strong enough, and is affected by the wind and not so much human beings so the economy effects human beings and is at times more powerful than the human being. Dharker is exploring the history of humanity and paper’s history and the link – she is suggesting that the things created by humans and that exist on paper have overpowered us, like the economy. Similarly War Photographer deals with the power of the external over human beings, or its lack of it. Interestingly it also looks at paper items and their power (or lack of it) over human beings. The photographer himself is overpowered by the images of conflict which he has made into “spools of suffering”. The sibilance present highlights the sounds of conflict and chemicals – both bringing reader to his dark room and the battle grounds. Furthermore spools is plural highlight the incredible amount of suffering and finally the word choice of suffering has suggestions of intense and extreme pain. It is also in present continuous tense highlighting it is ongoing. In the case of the photographer he is also overpowered by the “spools of suffering” just as those in tissue can overpowered by the credit card bills.

 

Compare how poets present the effects of war in ‘Bayonet Charge’ and in one other poem.

 

One effect of war in ‘Bayonet Charge’ is that it damages those involved physically. AO1 LEVEL 3 We see this when we are told of the soldier lugging “a rifle numb as a smashed arm”. The word choice of “smashed” has suggestions of being damaged beyond repair, the use of extreme force and determination to damage, and also of causing extreme destruction. This therefore suggests that war damages those involved irreparably, they are never the same after the war, and that there is an incredible amount of destruction caused by war.AO2 level 5 Hughes wrote this poem to highlight the incredible destruction caused by WWII; destruction that lasted long after the war ended. Ao3 LEVEL 4 Similarly ‘Remains’ highlights the physical damages caused by war, however it also highlights that war damages not just physically but also psychologically. Ao1 COMP LEVEL 5 We see the physical damage when the poet describes in detail the murder of the looter by three soldiers, who leave the body in such a state as we are told of the corpse’s “guts”. This grotesque imagery highlights the total physical destruction and violation of the human body due to war – not just of the soldiers (which is the main focus of Bayonet Charge) but also of civilians caught up in conflict. When the speaker tells us of “his bloody life in my bloody hands” this pun highlights the physical and psychological damaging effect of war in ‘Remains’. The reference to the blood denotes literally the blood of the person murdered, and the loss of life but also the metaphorical “blood” or “bloody” which highlights the longlasting guilt and devastation experienced by the soldier. Remains depicts modern warfare and hints at PTSD.ao3 LEVEL 5 Both poems highlight the irreparable physical and psychological effects of war. Level 5 24/30

London, Ozymandius and My Last Duchess

London

“Runs in blood down palace walls” – this highlights the soldiers dying for the monarchy who has sent them to war and also shows Blake’s dismay and anger at this situation which he feels in unjust ( particularly after the French Revolution).  Also the verb tense choice of present simple shows this situation is ongoing further highlighting Blake’s conflict with the status quo.

Social conflict – church and monarchy vs. ordinary people (“every man…infant”)

Power inequality

England

There is no hope in society: “marriage hearse”

Repetition

Contrast

Word choice

 

My Last Duchess

 

One large stanza which could show the power imbalance where the power rests with the duke because of his gender and societal status and title.

There is a power imbalance between the Duke and Duchess (seen in their differing genders, ages and he being of ancient money unlike the Duchess’ family.)

He is obsessed and controlling. She was good and pure “white mule”.

“Neptune …taming a sea horse”.  Neptune – Duke Sea horse – duchess

“taming” word choice shows his delusion. Taming is overpowering something and gaining complete control.

The poem is a dramatic monologue however the Duke is an unreliable narrator. 

 

 

Firstly Martin no longer is in the employment of the prison service. He has been “dismissed”. He lost his job for his act of kindness which was against the rules, whereas the prison guards at Medway have not been fired, they are simply “suspended” after their terrible acts against child prisoners. This shows that Martin is not protected by his employers (and shows Martin in a better light than his employers as his act was an act of kindness), whereas the Medway prison guards are better protected by their employers and do not face immediate harsh consequences for their disturbing behaviour.

Martin is shown to have empathy and caring towards his charges, as he gave “biscuits to a little hungry child”. Whereas the G4S officers do not have empathy and are cruel to their charges as they used “unnecessary force” and “foul language”. This shows a big difference in how Martin sees and treats the child prisoners compared with the G4S guards.Martin is shown to be human and caring, whereas the G4S officers are shown in a negative light – they are bullies.

Martin acted alone as he solely gave the child a biscuit, whereas the G4S officers – there were “seven”. Martin is brave and not afraid to go against what is the norm whereas the G4S officers act as a pack and perhaps lead each other on, they are not portrayed positively and we see them as a gang.

English Language Paper 2 Q3 exemplar

You would need one more paragprah for 12 marks:

The writer uses language to influence us to think the woman as being scary. We see this when she is described as “hissing”. The word choice of “hissing” is associated with snakes and other dangerous animals, it has suggestions of an unnatural sound and one that causes alarm and panic. Furthermore the use of onomatopoeia heightens the writers attempts to influence us to believe the woman to be scary as we are able to hear the unnatural sound that is snake like and used when animals are warning of attack.

The writer also uses language to influence us to think of the woman as ultimately weak. This is shown through the use of contrast as she begins by having “stormed” into the room but by the end she has “limped” out of the room. The word choice of stormed has suggestions of aggression, power and affecting those around, whereas in contrast the word choice of “limped” has suggestions of being injured, weak and vulnerable. This contrast shows her depletion in strength in her encounter with her boss, showing she is only brave alone and not faced with hierarchy.